| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Highest temperature recorded on Earth ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Highest temperature recorded on Earth
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.5 meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight. The highest confirmed temperature on Earth recorded according to these measures was in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, on July 10, 1913.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NCDC Global measured extremes )〕〔(World: Highest Temperature ) World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 13 September 2012.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Doubts Cloud Death Valley's 100-year Heat Record )〕
The former highest official temperature on Earth, held for 90 years by ‘Aziziya, Libya, was de-certified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) in January 2012 as the record for the world's highest surface temperature (this temperature of 57.8 °C (136 °F), registered on 13 September 1922, is currently considered to have been a recorder's error).〔(Weather Extremes ), Weather Underground - Retrieved 14 September 2012.〕 Christopher C. Burt, the weather historian writing for Weather Underground who shepherded the Libya reading's 2012 disqualification, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least four or five degrees Fahrenheit too high,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Doubts Cloud Death Valley's 100-year Heat Record )〕 as do other weather historians Dr. Arnold Court and William Taylor Reid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Death Valley's 134F Record Temperature Study Part One )〕 Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth is still at Death Valley, but is instead recorded five times: 20 July 1960, 18 July 1998, 20 July 2005, 7 July 2007, and 30 June 2013.
Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C.〔p. 855-857, (Satellite Finds Highest Land Skin Temperatures on Earth ), David J. Mildrexler, Maosheng Zhao, and Steven W. Running, ''Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society'', July 2011, pp. 855-860, .〕 A ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) has been recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan.〔Table 9.2, p. 158, ''Dryland Climatology'', Sharon E. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 1139500244.〕 A ground temperature of 93.9 °C (201 °F) was recorded also in Furnace Creek Ranch on 15 July 1972; this may be the highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded.〔A possible world record maximum natural ground surface temperature, Paul Kubecka, ''Weather'', 56, #7 (July 2001), ''Weather'', pp. 218-221, .〕 The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.〔(Extreme Maximum Land Surface Temperatures ), J. R. Garratt, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 31, #9 (September 1992), pp. 1096–1105, 〕
Temperature measurements via satellite also tend to capture occurrence of higher records but are considered less reliable than ground-positioned thermometers. There is a satellite record of measured in the Flaming Mountains of China in 2008. Other satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in 5 of the 7 years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009.) These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Highest temperature recorded on Earth」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|